OPEN RAN-BASED ON-DEMAND 6G AGRICULTURAL NETWORKS: ADAPTIVE EDGE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR AUTONOMOUS FARMING SYSTEMS

Abstract

The rapid advancement of Open Radio Access Network (Open RAN) technologies has created new opportunities for deploying flexible, scalable, and cost-effective wireless infrastructures in agricultural environments. This paper proposes an Open RAN-based on-demand 6G agricultural network that integrates Private 5G connectivity, edge computing, artificial intelligence, and emerging THz communication concepts to support autonomous farming systems. Unlike conventional agricultural communication architectures, the proposed framework dynamically allocates network resources according to field conditions, crop monitoring requirements, unmanned aerial vehicle operations, and autonomous agricultural machinery. Open RAN enables multi-vendor interoperability and programmable radio resource management, while edge computing facilitates lowlatency processing of sensor data and AI inference close to the farming environment. Private 5G enhances secure and reliable communication among IoT devices, drones, robotic equipment, and cloud platforms. Future THz-enabled links further improve bandwidth availability for high-resolution imaging and large-scale environmental sensing. The proposed architecture improves network scalability, spectrum utilization, operational flexibility, and autonomous decision-making while reducing deployment costs and communication latency. Simulation-based performance evaluation demonstrates improvements in network throughput, energy efficiency, task completion latency, and resource utilization compared with conventional agricultural wireless architectures. The proposed framework provides a practical pathway toward intelligent, sustainable, and highly adaptive 6Genabled precision agriculture ecosystems.