Comprehensive multi hazard railway safety monitoring system using IOT

Abstract

Railway transportation plays a crucial role in global logistics and public transportation by enabling the movement of passengers and goods efficiently. However, railway safety remains a major challenge due to accidents caused by track faults, fire hazards, gas leakage, physical obstacles, environmental conditions, and human errors. Conventional railway monitoring and inspection methods mainly rely on manual supervision and periodic inspections, which are timeconsuming, less efficient, and unable to provide real-time hazard detection. To address these limitations, this project presents an Internet of Things (IoT)-based Railway Safety and Accident Prevention System for continuous and automated monitoring of railway environments. The proposed system integrates multiple sensors with a Raspberry Pi that acts as the central control and processing unit. A fire sensor and MQ-2 gas sensor are used to detect fire and hazardous gas leakage, while IR and ultrasonic sensors identify track faults and obstacles present on the railway path. The Raspberry Pi continuously collects and processes sensor data and initiates immediate actions whenever abnormal conditions are detected. A buzzer generates warning alerts, a motor controls prototype movement, and an LCD displays real-time status information. The integrated Wi-Fi module supports communication and remote monitoring