Intelligent Farming System Using IoT with Automated Robot for Ploughing Seeding and Sprinkling Tasks

Abstract

The increasing demand for agricultural productivity and labor efficiency has driven the adoption of smart farming technologies, with global precision agriculture expected to grow at over 13% annually and labor shortages affecting nearly 40% of farming operations in developing regions. Additionally, inefficient traditional practices contribute to reduced yield and increased resource wastage, emphasizing the need for automation in agriculture. These environments demand intelligent, multifunctional machines capable of performing continuous field operations with accuracy and consistency. Traditional farming methods rely heavily on manual labor and separate machinery for each task, leading to increased time consumption, higher costs, inconsistent seed placement, and inefficient water usage. Furthermore, conventional systems lack real-time monitoring and remote-control capabilities, reducing overall productivity and adaptability to changing conditions. To address these challenges, the proposed IoT Agricultural Robot for Automatic Ploughing, Seeding, and Sprinkling utilizes the ATmega328 microcontroller integrated with an IoT module to develop a smart and automated farming solution. The robot is equipped with DC geared motors for soil ploughing, a seed dispensing mechanism for uniform seed placement, and an automated sprinkler system for irrigation. The IoT module enables remote control and real-time monitoring of the robot’s operations, allowing farmers to manage field activities efficiently. The system operates on a regulated power supply and is programmed using embedded C through the Arduino IDE, ensuring reliable performance. This integrated approach enhances agricultural efficiency, reduces labor dependency, optimizes resource utilization, and supports the development of sustainable and smart farming practices