A Smart IoT-Based Dynamic Wireless Charging Infrastructure using ESP32 and Cloud Integration

Abstract

This research presents the design and implementation of an intelligent prototype for a Dynamic Wireless Charging Station (DWCS) aimed at enhancing the operational range of Electric Vehicles (EVs) through "charge-on-the-move" technology. The proposed framework addresses the critical limitation of fixed charging infrastructure by utilizing a sequence of transmission coils embedded beneath the roadway surface. The system architecture facilitates the conversion of a 230V AC primary supply into a regulated 12V AC signal, which is then disseminated through a high-frequency wireless power transmission (WPT) circuit. As an EV traverses the inductive segment, the onboard receiver coil captures the alternating magnetic field, converting it back into usable electrical energy via an AC-DC rectification stage. A centralized ESP32 microcontroller serves as the primary processing hub, integrating a voltagecurrent sensing unit to evaluate instantaneous power transfer efficiency. The system incorporates an Alphanumeric LCD for localized parameter visualization and an IoT-based communication module for remote telemetry. Furthermore, an automated diagnostic routine activates a piezoelectric buzzer to notify users of system anomalies, such as coil misalignment or suboptimal charging states. Experimental validation indicates that this scalable and intelligent infrastructure significantly reduces EV dependency on stationary charging stations while improving overall energy efficiency, offering a robust blueprint for next-generation sustainable mobility.