Real-Time Impersonation Detection and Automated Alerting in IoTEnabled Polling Systems

Abstract

This paper presents the design and implementation of an IoT-based fraud resistance e-voting system integrated with biometric and RFID authentication to ensure the integrity of the democratic process. Traditional voting systems are often vulnerable to identity theft, proxy voting, and manual tallying errors. The proposed system addresses these challenges by employing a multi-factor authentication protocol: an RFID layer for voter identification and a fingerprint biometric layer for person-to-document verification. Utilizing an ESP32 microcontroller, the system captures voter data and compares it against a pre-enrolled database. A unique feature of this system is its real-time fraud detection mechanism; if a user attempts to cast a secondary vote, the system triggers a buzzer alarm, sends a notification via GSM to authorities, and logs the incident to a remote cloud server via Wi-Fi. Experimental results demonstrate that the system successfully prevents duplicate voting and provides a transparent, automated platform for real-time result monitoring, significantly reducing the potential for electoral malpractice.