ENERGY-EFFICIENT CONGESTION CONTROL STRATEGY FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS (CCSEE)

Abstract

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are increasingly used in large-scale applications such as emergency response, disaster recovery, and battlefield communication, where mobile nodes move freely without any central controller. This mobility constantly changes network topology and increases energy consumption, making reliable communication harder. Since each node can act as a router or endpoint, energy efficiency becomes crucial during route discovery and data forwarding—especially in multi-hop environments. Congestion occurs when packets exceed the network’s handling capacity, leading to packet loss, lower bandwidth, higher delays, and additional energy drain. Unlike traditional networks where congestion is confined to a single router, MANET congestion affects the entire shared medium, causing slow congestion detection, repeated route discoveries, and increased packet drops. These challenges highlight the need for cross-layer, energy-aware routing architectures that minimize overhead, improve congestion handling, and optimize overall energy use during path discovery and data transmission