Soil Analysis and Crop Advisory System Using ESP32 and IoT

Abstract

The aim of this study is to present an IoT system for soil analysis and crop advising by ESP32. It is a multi-parameter sensing system, automatic irrigation system, soil-health assessment system, local visualisation system and cloud monitoring system. The Soil moisture, pH, temperature, humidity, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor data are connected, which is followed by a rule based decision logic process. The pump operates when soil moisture is below 35% but not when it is above 70% and when the temperature is above 40 °C or the humidity is above 80%, environmental alerts are sent. Moisture, pH, NPK and temperature conditions are assigned a score of 100 to determine if they are Excellent, Good, Average or Poor. The advisory layer provides advice on irrigation, soil treatment, fertiliser and crop. A local info shown on 16×2 I2C LCD and remote visualisation of data, in 8 data fields, provided by ThingSpeak. The experimental results consist of the created hardware, the cloud dashboard, the sensor trend, the pump response, the LCD outputs, and functional validation of the programd rules.